Geotechnical engineers play a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can arise from various factors, such as geological formations, degradation, or human actions. Utilizing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical su
Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical stability. Accurately locating these voids is fundamental for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity ana
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the measurement